Third Conditional

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15 April 1912

Who was one of the luckiest men in the world on that day?

Mr J.P. Morgan. He was the owner of the great ship Titanic 

which hit an iceberg and sank that night in the cold waters of 

the Atlantic Ocean. About 1,500 people drowned. Mr Morgan 

has a ticket for the journey but he did not go because he had to be 

at a meeting. If I had gone, he would have been in one of the 

biggest disasters of the twentieth century.

 

Third Conditional sentences are to talk about things that did or did not happen in the past. They have two halves. Look:

    If  Half                                                     Would/would not  have half

If he had not had a business meeting,             He would have done on the ship

If he had gone on the ship,                             He would have seen it sink

If the Titanic had not hit an iceberg                 It would not have sunk 

The IF half of third conditionals is to talk about things that have already happened. It is too late to change these things.

    Use had + past participle

        If the titanic had not sunk, people would not have drowned

        (But if did sink.)

        If there had been more, lifeboats, fewer people would have drowned

        (But there were not more lifeboats.)

:::::::

The would / would not have half of third conditional is to say what would have happened if things had been different in the IF half of sentence. Use would/would not have + past participle. Look: 

    If the ship had not hit an iceberg, it would mot have sunk

    = It did sink It sank because it hit an iceberg

    If the ship had not sunk, people would not have drowned

    = People did down, They drowned because the ship sank 

Usually in third conditional sentences the IF half comes first, but you can put it second. It means the same thing. Look:

        The titanic would not have sunk if it had not hit an iceberg 

        = If the Titanic had not hit an iceberg, it would not have sunk

        People would not have drowned if the Titanic had not sunk

        =It the Titanic had not sunk, people would not have drowned 

Put a comma (,) in the middle of the sentences when the IF half comes first. You do not need a comma when it comes second. 

More Third Conditional examples:

One I forgot to set my alarm clock so I overslept

If I had not overslept,  I would not have missed the school bus.

If I had not been late for school bus, I would not have been late for school. If I had not been late for school, I would not have missed my Maths lesson

  Thanks for your attention. You can write in the comments. I can help you.